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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200056, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1135265

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is indicator of high morbidity in Chagas' disease. A cross-sectional study performed identified LVA in 18.8% of the chronic chagasic patients (CCP). OBJECTIVE Determine the risk of death of patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) and LVA in 24-year interval. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 1995 a cohort of 298 CCP was evaluated by anamnesis, physical examination, EKG and ECHO and classified in groups: G0 = 86 without cardiopathy; G1 = 156 with cardiopathy without LVA and G2 = 56 with cardiopathy and LVA. 38 patients of G0 and G1 used benznidazole. Information about the deaths was obtained in the notary, death certificates, hospital records and family members. FINDINGS Were registered 113 deaths (37.9%): 107 (35.9%) attributed to cardiopathy and 6 (2.0%) to other causes (p < 0.05). Amongst these 107 deaths, 10 (11.6%) occurred in G0; 49 (31.4%) occurred in G1 and 48 (85.7%) occurred in G2 (p < 0.05). The risk of death was 2.7 and 7.4 times significantly higher in G2, than in G1 and G0, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic chagasic patients with LVA and ejection fraction < 45% have a higher risk of death than those without.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Heart Aneurysm/mortality , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cause of Death , Electrocardiography , Heart Aneurysm/complications , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(11): 1391-1396, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057081

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a therapeutic modality for patients with heart failure (HF). The effectiveness of this treatment for event reduction is based on clinical trials where the population of patients with Chagas' disease (DC) is underrepresented. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis after CRT of a population in which CD is an endemic cause of HF. METHODS: A retrospective cohort conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 that included patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 35% and undergoing CRT. Clinical and demographic data were collected to search for predictors for the combined outcome of death or hospitalization for HF at one year after CRT implantation. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were evaluated, and 13 (24.1%) presented CD as the etiology of HF. The mean LVEF was 26.2± 6.1%, and 36 (66.7%) patients presented functional class III or IV HF. After the mean follow-up of 15 (±6,9) months, 17 (32.1%) patients presented the combined outcome. In the univariate analysis, CD was associated with the combined event when compared to other etiologies of HF, 8 (47%) vs. 9 (13,5%), RR: 3,91 CI: 1,46-10,45, p=0,007, as well as lower values of LVEF. In the multivariate analysis, CD and LVEF remained independent risk factors for the combined outcome. CONCLUSION: In a population of HF patients undergoing CRT, CD was independently associated with mortality and hospitalization for HF.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) é uma modalidade terapêutica para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). A eficácia desse tratamento para redução de eventos baseia-se em ensaios clínicos em que a população de pacientes com doença de Chagas (DC) é sub-representada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o prognóstico após TRC em uma população em que a DC é uma causa frequente de IC. MÉTODOS: Coorte retrospectiva realizada entre janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2016, sendo incluídos pacientes portadores de IC com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (Feve) menor que 35% e submetidos à TRC. Os dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados para pesquisa de preditores para o desfecho combinado de morte ou internação por IC após implante da TRC. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes, dos quais 13 (24,1%) apresentavam a DC como etiologia da IC. A Feve média foi de 26,2% (±6,1) e 36 (66,7%) pacientes apresentavam classe funcional de IC III ou IV. Após o seguimento médio de 15 meses, 17 (32,1%) pacientes apresentaram o desfecho combinado. Na análise univariada, a DC esteve associada ao evento combinado quando comparada a outras etiologias de IC, 8 (47%) vs 9 (13,5%), RR: 3,91 IC: 1,46-10,45, p=0,007, assim como valores mais baixos da Feve. Na análise multivariada, a DC e a Feve permaneceram como fatores de risco independentes para o desfecho combinado. CONCLUSÃO: Em uma população de pacientes com IC submetidos à TRC, a doença de Chagas esteve independentemente associada à mortalidade e internação por insuficiência cardíaca no seguimento de 15 meses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy , Heart Failure/therapy , Prognosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Failure , Statistics, Nonparametric , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/parasitology , Middle Aged
3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(2): f:173-l:189, mar.-abr. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-882961

ABSTRACT

A cardiomiopatia crônica da doença de Chagas (CCDC) é resultante de miocardite fibrosante focal de baixa intensidade, mas incessante, causada pela infecção persistente do T cruzi, associada à inflamação mediada por mecanismos imunes adversos. Cerca de 30% dos infectados desenvolvem, ao longo da vida, a forma crônica cardíaca da doença de Chagas com manifestação clínica proteiforme, que pode incluir morte súbita, sintomas e sinais de insuficiência cardíaca, eventos cardioembólicos, arritmia e sintomas anginoides. A morte súbita e a progressão da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) são os mecanismos mais comuns de óbito nesta condição. Os aspectos prognósticos mais relevantes são sintomas de IC avançada (CF III/IV da NYHA), cardiomegalia, disfunção sistólica do VE e taquicardia ventricular não sustentada. A prevenção dos eventos cardioembólicos é aspecto importante no manejo dos pacientes com CCDC. Agentes anticoagulantes orais devem ser indicados para pacientes com risco elevado, conforme a presença de um conjunto de fatores de risco: disfunção sistólica do VE, aneurisma apical, alteração da repolarização ventricular ao ECG e idade avançada. O tratamento da IC na CCDC segue os mesmos princípios aplicados à IC secundária à cardiomiopatia dilatada de outras etiologias


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiomyopathies/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/mortality , Death, Sudden , Echocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Mitral Valve , Tricuspid Valve , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitology
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(1): 82-88, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897975

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Chagas disease represents an important health problem with socioeconomic impacts in many Latin-American countries. It is estimated that 20% to 30% of the people infected by Trypanosoma cruzi will develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), which is generally accompanied by heart failure (HF). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be indicated for patients with HF and electromechanical dysfunctions. Objective: The primary endpoint of this study was to analyze the response to CRT in patients with CCC, while the secondary endpoint was to estimate the survival rates of CRT responder patients. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The records of 50 patients with CRT pacing devices implanted between June 2009 and March 2017 were analyzed. For statistical analyses, Pearson's correlation was used along with Student's t-test, and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 50 patients, 56% were male, with a mean age of 63.4±13.3 years and an average CRT duration of 61.2±21.7 months. The mean QRS duration was 150.12±12.4 ms before and 116.04±2.2 ms after the therapy (P<0.001). The mean left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were 29±7% and 39.1±12.2% before and after CRT, respectively (P<0.001). A total of 35 (70%) patients had a reduction of at least one New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class after six months of therapy (P=0.014). The survival rate after 72 months was 45%. Conclusion: This study showed clinical improvement and a nonsignificant survival rate in patients with CCC after the use of CRT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods , Survival Analysis , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(3): 246-254, Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838703

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Prognostic factors are extensively studied in heart failure; however, their role in severe Chagasic heart failure have not been established. Objectives: To identify the association of clinical and laboratory factors with the prognosis of severe Chagasic heart failure, as well as the association of these factors with mortality and survival in a 7.5-year follow-up. Methods: 60 patients with severe Chagasic heart failure were evaluated regarding the following variables: age, blood pressure, ejection fraction, serum sodium, creatinine, 6-minute walk test, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, QRS width, indexed left atrial volume, and functional class. Results: 53 (88.3%) patients died during follow-up, and 7 (11.7%) remained alive. Cumulative overall survival probability was approximately 11%. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (HR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.31; p<0.05) and indexed left atrial volume ≥ 72 mL/m2 (HR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.63 - 7.52; p<0.05) were the only variables that remained as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: The presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter and indexed left atrial volume > 72 mL/m2 are independent predictors of mortality in severe Chagasic heart failure, with cumulative survival probability of only 11% in 7.5 years.


Resumo Fundamento: Fatores prognósticos são bastante estudados na insuficiência cardíaca (IC), mas ainda não possuem um papel estabelecido na IC grave de etiologia chagásica. Objetivo: Identificar a associação de fatores clínicos e laboratoriais com o prognóstico da IC grave de etiologia chagásica, bem como a associação desses fatores com a taxa de mortalidade e a sobrevida em um seguimento de 7,5 anos. Métodos: 60 pacientes portadores de IC grave de etiologia chagásica foram avaliados com relação às seguintes variáveis: idade, pressão arterial, fração de ejeção, sódio plasmático, creatinina, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada, largura do QRS, volume do átrio esquerdo indexado e classe funcional. Resultados: 53 (88,3%) pacientes foram a óbito durante o período de seguimento e 7 (11,7%) permaneceram vivos. A probabilidade de sobrevida geral acumulada foi de aproximadamente 11%. Taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (HR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,04 - 4,31; p<0,05) e volume do átrio esquerdo indexado ≥ 72 ml/m2 (HR = 3,51; IC 95%: 1,63 - 7,52; p<0,05) foram as únicas variáveis que permaneceram como preditores independentes de mortalidade. Conclusão: A presença de taquicardia ventricular não sustentada ao Holter e o volume do átrio esquerdo indexado > 72 ml/m2 são preditores independentes de mortalidade na IC chagásica grave, com probabilidade de sobrevida acumulada de apenas 11% em 7,5 anos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/mortality , Prognosis , Sodium/blood , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiac Volume/physiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Atrial Function, Left/physiology , Age Factors , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Creatinine/blood , Walk Test , Heart Failure/physiopathology
6.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(2): f:145-l:156, mar.-abr. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833920

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: A doença de Chagas é um problema de saúde global, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos terapêuticos. Nosso grupo demonstrou recentemente que o nifurtimox associado ao dipiridamol tem efeitos curativos em camundongos com doença de Chagas aguda. Neste estudo, avaliamos o efeito deste protocolo terapêutico em camundongos chagásicos com insuficiência cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliar se o nifurtimox e o dipiridamol são úteis no tratamento de resgate em camundongos com miocardite chagásica aguda com insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: Foram divididos em três grupos 42 camundongos com miocardite chagásica aguda e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva: Controle Chagas (n = 11); Nif-Dip, tratados com nifurtimox e dipiridamol (n = 14); e Nif-Dip-Insuficiência Cardíaca, tratados com nifurtimox e dipiridamol, associados com digoxina, furosemida e captopril (n = 17). As doses de nifurtimox e dipiridamol foram de 40 e 30mg/kg/dia, respectivamente, durante 6 semanas. Os camundongos foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas, eletrocardiográficas, hemoparasitológicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: Observou-se menor mortalidade no Grupo Nif-Dip (n = 4; 28,57%) em relação ao Controle Chagas (n = 6; 54,54%) e ao Nif-Dip-Insuficiência Cardíaca (n = 9; 52,9%). Clinicamente, os camundongos tratados com nifurtimox e dipiridamol aumentaram o peso corporal e melhoraram a insuficiência cardíaca, sem mostrar esplenomegalia. Nestes grupos, foram erradicadas as parasitemias e os parasitas teciduais; a fibrose, a miocitólise, o infiltrado de células inflamatórias e os mastócitos diminuíram. Os distúrbios de repolarização, os intervalos QRS e o QT prolongados, o aumento da amplitude da onda S e a dissociação atrioventricular foram revertidos pelo tratamento. Conclusão: O tratamento com nifurtimox e dipiridamol pode ser usado no resgate em camundongos com doença chagásica aguda grave, já que o nifurtimox teve atividade tripanocida, e o dipiridamole potenciou seu efeito. O dipiridamol seria útil na insuficiência cardíaca chagásica


Background: Chagas disease is a global health problem; therefore, the development of new therapeutic protocols is necessary. Our group recently demonstrated that nifurtimox associated with dipyridamole has curative effects in mice with acute Chagas disease. In this study, we assess the effect of this therapeutic protocol in chagasic mice with heart failure. Objective: To evaluate whether nifurtimox and dipyridamole are useful to rescue mice with severe acute chagasic myocarditis with heart failure. Methods: 42 mice with acute chagasic myocarditis and congestive heart failure were divided into three groups: control chagas (n = 11), Nif-Dip treated with nifurtimox and dipyridamole (n = 14) and Nif-Dip-heart failure treated with nifurtimox and dipyridamole associated with digoxin, furosemide, and captopril (n = 17). Nifurtimox and dipyridamole doses were 40 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 6 weeks. Mice underwent clinical, electrocardiographic, hemoparasitological and histopathological assessments. Results: Lower mortality in Nif-Dip (28.57%; n = 4) compared to control chagas (54.54%; n = 6) and Nif-Dip-heart failure (52.9%; n = 9) was observed. Clinically, nifurtimox and dipyridamole-treated mice increased body weight and improved heart failure without splenomegaly. In these groups, parasitemia and tissue parasites were eradicated; fibrosis, myocytolysis, inflammatory cell infiltrate and mast cells decreased. Repolarization disorders, prolonged QRS and QT intervals, increase of S wave amplitude and atrioventricular dissociation were reversed by the treatment. Conclusion: Nifurtimox with dipyridamole can rescue NMRI mice from severe acute chagas disease, as nifurtimox showed trypanocidal activity and dipyridamole potentiated its effect. Dipyridamole would be useful in chagasic heart failure


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Chagas Disease/mortality , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Dipyridamole/administration & dosage , Dipyridamole/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Mice , Nifurtimox/administration & dosage , Nifurtimox/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Chronic Disease , Clinical Protocols/standards , Electrocardiography/methods , Models, Animal , Mortality , Statistics as Topic/methods
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 107(2): 99-100, Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794557

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The outcome of Chagas disease patients after receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is still controversial. Objective: To compare clinical outcomes after ICD implantation in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: Prospective study of a population of 153 patients receiving ICD (65 with CCC and 88 with IHD). The devices were implanted between 2003 and 2011. Survival rates and event-free survival were compared. Results: The groups were similar regarding sex, functional class and ejection fraction. Ischemic patients were, on average, 10 years older than CCC patients (p < 0.05). Patients with CCC had lower schooling and monthly income than IHD patients (p < 0.05). The number of appropriate therapies was 2.07 higher in CCC patients, who had a greater incidence of appropriate shock (p < 0.05). Annual mortality rate and electrical storm incidence were similar in both groups. There was no sudden death in CCC patients, and only one in IHD patients. Neither survival time (p = 0.720) nor event-free survival (p = 0.143) significantly differed between the groups. Conclusion: CCC doubles the risk of receiving appropriate therapies as compared to IHD, showing the greater complexity of arrhythmias in Chagas patients.


Resumo Fundamento: A evolução do paciente chagásico após implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) é tema ainda controverso. Objetivo: Comparar a evolução clínica pós-implante do CDI em pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) e cardiopatia isquêmica (CI). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo histórico de uma população de 153 pacientes portadores de CDI, sendo 65 com CCC e 88 com CI. Os dispositivos foram implantados entre janeiro de 2003 e novembro de 2011, tendo-se comparado a taxa de sobrevida e a sobrevida livre de eventos entre essas populações. Resultados: Os grupos foram similares na predominância do sexo masculino, classe funcional e fração de ejeção. Os pacientes isquêmicos são em média 10 anos mais velhos que os chagásicos (p < 0,05). Os pacientes chagásicos apresentavam escolaridade e renda mensal mais baixa do que os isquêmicos (p < 0,05). Foi demonstrado que o número de terapias apropriadas nos pacientes com CCC é 2,07 vezes maior do que naqueles com CI. A incidência de choque apropriado é maior na CCC (p < 0,05). As taxas de mortalidade anual nos dois grupos foram similares, assim como a incidência de tempestade elétrica. Não houve nenhuma morte súbita nos pacientes com CCC e apenas uma nos pacientes com CI. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de sobrevida entre os dois grupos (p = 0,720) nem na sobrevida livre de eventos (p = 0,143). Conclusão: A CCC duplica o risco de receber terapias apropriadas em relação à CI, mostrando assim maior complexidade das arritmias nos pacientes chagásicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Myocardial Ischemia/therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable/statistics & numerical data , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Survival Rate , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Myocardial Ischemia/mortality , Disease-Free Survival
8.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(2): 153-163, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744733

ABSTRACT

The identification of predictors for the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is essential to ensure adequate patient management. This study looked into a non-concurrent cohort of 165 CCC patients between 1985 and 2010 for independent predictors for CCC progression. The outcomes were worsening of the CCC scores and the onset of left ventricular dysfunction assessed by means of echo-Doppler cardiography. Patients were analyzed for social, demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and workup-related variables. A descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by survival curves based on univariate (Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s univariate model) and multivariate (Cox regression model) analysis. Patients were followed from two to 20 years (mean: 8.2). Their mean age was 44.8 years (20-77). Comparing both iterations of the study, in the second there was a statistically significant increase in the PR interval and in the QRS duration, despite a reduction in heart rates (Wilcoxon < 0.01). The predictors for CCC progression in the final regression model were male gender (HR = 2.81), Holter monitoring showing pauses equal to or greater than two seconds (HR = 3.02) increased cardiothoracic ratio (HR = 7.87) and time of use of digitalis (HR = 1.41). Patients with multiple predictive factors require stricter follow-up and treatment.


A identificação de preditores da progressão da cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) é essencial ao manejo adequado do paciente. Estudo coorte não concorrente de 165 pacientes portadores de CCC entre 1985-2010 quanto a preditores independentes da evolução da CCC. Os desfechos foram piora da classificação da CCC e surgimento de disfunção ventricular esquerda ao ecoDopplercardiograma. Variáveis sócio-demográficas, epidemiológicas, clínicas e propedêuticas foram estudadas e realizadas análise descritiva, análise de sobrevida com análise univariada (Kaplan-Meier e modelo univariado de Cox) e multivariada (modelo de regressão de Cox). O seguimento foi de dois a 20 anos, com média de 8,2 anos. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 44,8 anos (20- 77 anos). Comparando ambos os tempos do estudo, no tempo 2 houve significância estatística do aumento do intervalo PR e da duração do QRS, além da redução da frequência cardíaca (Wilcoxon < 0,01). Os preditores da evolução da CCC no modelo final de regressão foram sexo masculino (HR = 2,81), pausas iguais ou maiores que dois segundos ao Holter (HR = 3,02), aumento do índice cardiotorácico (HR = 7,87) e tempo de uso de digital (HR = 1,41), destacando-se necessidade de seguimento e tratamento mais rigoroso para os chagásicos que cumulam estes fatores.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Disease Progression , Electrocardiography , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Ventricular Function, Left
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 102(6): 602-610, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712916

ABSTRACT

Diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of death risk in Chagas cardiomyopathy still constitute a challenge due to the diversity of manifestations, which determine the importance of using echocardiography, tissue Doppler and biomarkers. To evaluate, within a systematic review, clinical and echocardiographic profiles of patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, which may be related to worse prognosis and major mortality risk. To perform the systematic review, we used Medline (via PubMed), LILACS and SciELO databases to identify 82 articles published from 1991 to 2012, with the following descriptors: echocardiography, mortality and Chagas disease. We selected 31 original articles, involving diagnostic and prognostic methods. The importance of Chagas disease has increased due to its emergence in Europe and United States, but most evidence came from Brazil. Among the predictors of worse prognosis and higher mortality risk are morphological and functional alterations in the left and right ventricles, evaluated by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler, as well as the increase in brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I concentrations. Recently, the evaluations of dyssynchrony, dysautonomia, as well as strain, strain rate and myocardial twisting were added to the diagnostic arsenal for the early differentiation of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Developments in imaging and biochemical diagnostic procedures have enabled more detailed cardiac evaluations, which demonstrate the early involvement of both ventricles, allowing a more accurate assessment of the mortality risk in Chagas disease.


O diagnóstico, o prognóstico e a avaliação do risco de morte por miocardiopatia chagásica crônica ainda são desafiadores pela diversidade de manifestações, do que deriva a importância da ecocardiografia, do Doppler tissular e dos biomarcadores. Avaliar de forma sistemática os perfis clínico e ecocardiográfico de pacientes com miocardiopatia chagásica crônica, que possam estar relacionados com pior prognóstico e mortalidade. Para revisão sistemática, empregaram-se as bases de dados MedLine (via PubMed), LILACS e SciELO, e localizaram-se 82 artigos publicados entre 1991 e 2012, empregando os descritores echocardiography, mortality e Chagas disease. Foram selecionados 31 artigos originais, envolvendo métodos diagnósticos ou prognósticos de miocardiopatia chagásica. Constatou-se que a importância da doença de Chagas tem aumentado devido a seu aparecimento na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, entretanto a maior parte das evidências originou-se do Brasil. Dentre os preditores de pior prognóstico e maior mortalidade, estiveram alterações morfofuncionais dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, avaliadas por ecocardiografia convencional e Doppler tissular, bem como o aumento da concentração do peptídeo natriurético cerebral e da troponina I. Recentemente, integraram o arsenal diagnóstico as avaliações de dissincronia, disautonomia, além de strain, strain rate e twisting miocárdico para diferenciação precoce da miocardiopatia chagásica. A evolução dos meios diagnósticos de imagem e bioquímicos possibilitou avaliações cardíacas mais minuciosas, que dão conta do comprometimento precoce de ambos os ventrículos, permitindo determinar com maior precisão o risco de mortalidade na doença de Chagas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors
10.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(1): 31-36, Jan-Mar/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-710091

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A doença de Chagas é a maior causa de miocardiopatia e morte súbita em nosso país. Apresenta alta mortalidade quando seus portadores evoluem para classe funcional IV da New York Heart Association (NYHA). Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução clínica dos pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia chagásica com insuficiência cardíaca avançada e terapia farmacológica otimizada submetido a terapia de ressincronização cardíaca. Métodos: Entre janeiro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2009, 72 pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica em classe funcional III e IV da NYHA foram submetidos à terapia de ressincronização cardíaca e acompanhados para avaliar sua evolução clínica. Para comparar a mesma variável em dois momentos diferentes utilizamos o Teste t pareado ou o Teste de Wilcoxon. Um valor de P<0,05 foi estabelecido como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: O acompanhamento clínico médio foi de 46,6 meses (variando de 4 a 79 meses). Ao final do seguimento, 87,4% dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional I ou II da NYHA (P<0,001). Houve resposta à terapia em 65,3% dos pacientes (P<0,001), com mortalidade total de 34,7%. Conclusão: Nos pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica submetidos à terapia de ressincronização cardíaca, encontramos as seguintes alterações estatisticamente significativas: melhora da classe funcional segundo NYHA; melhora da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo; diminuição do diâmetro sistólico final e volume sistólico final do ventrículo esquerdo e maior sobrevida destes pacientes. .


Introduction: Chagas disease is a major cause of cardiomyopathy and sudden death in our country. It has a high mortality when their patients develop New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical outcome of patients with Chagas' cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure with optimized pharmacological therapy, undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods: Between January 2004 and February 2009, 72 patients with Chagas' cardiomyopathy in NYHA class III and IV underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy and were monitored to assess their clinical evolution. We used the t test or the Wilcoxon test to compare the same variable in two different times. A P value < 0.05 was established as statistically significant. Results: The average clinical follow-up was 46.6 months (range 4-79 months). At the end of the evaluation, 87.4% of patients were in NYHA class I or II (P<0.001). There was response to therapy in 65.3% of patients (P<0.001), with an overall mortality of 34.7%. Conclusion: In patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy, we found the following statistically significant changes: improvement in NYHA class and increase of left ventricle ejection fraction, a decrease of the systolic final diameter and systolic final left ventricle volume and improvement of patient survival. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Heart Failure/therapy , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Function, Left
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(3): 281-287, mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670870

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é doença que cursa com má evolução, especialmente naqueles com IC avançada. A dosagem de peptídeo natriurético tipo B(BNP), ao lado da utilidade no diagnóstico da descompensação cardíaca, vem se mostrando útil na avaliação prognóstica. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se os níveis de BNP identificam quais pacientes evoluiriam pior e se o BNP seria fator independente de mortalidade considerando-se idade, sexo, funções cardíaca e renal e etiologia da cardiopatia. MÉTODOS: 189 pacientes com IC avançada em classe funcional III/IV foram estudados. Todos tinham disfunção sistólica e dosaram-se os níveis de BNP na hospitalização. Analisaram-se as variáveis relacionadas com a mortalidade através de análises univariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de BNP foram mais elevados nos pacientes que morreram no primeiro ano de seguimento (1.861,9 versus 1.408,1 pg/dL; p = 0,044) e nos chagásicos (1.985 versus 1.452 pg/mL; p = 0,001), e esses pacientes chagásicos tiveram maior mortalidade no primeiro ano de seguimento (56% versus 35%; p = 0,010). Pela curva ROC, o valor de BNP de 1.400 pg/mL foi o melhor preditor de eventos, estando os valores elevados associados a FEVE mais baixa (0,23 versus 0,28; p = 0,002) e maior grau de disfunção renal (ureia média 92 versus 74,5 mg/dL; p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Na IC avançada, os níveis elevados de BNP identificam pacientes com maior potencial de pior evolução. Os pacientes chagásicos apresentam níveis mais elevados de BNP do que as outras etiologias e têm pior evolução.


BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a condition with poor outcome, especially in advanced cases. Determination of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels is useful in the diagnosis of cardiac decompensation and has also been proving useful in the prognostic evaluation. OBJECTIVES: To verify whether BNP levels are able to identify patients with a poorer outcome and whether it is an independent prognostic factor considering age, gender, cardiac and renal functions, as well as the cause of heart disease. METHODS: 189 patients in functional class III/IV advanced HF were studied. All had systolic dysfunction and had their BNP levels determined during hospitalization. Variables related to mortality were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: BNP levels were higher in patients who died in the first year of follow-up (1,861.9 versus 1,408.1 pg/dL; p = 0.044) and in chagasic patients (1,985 versus 1,452 pg/mL; p = 0.001); the latter had a higher mortality rate in the first year of follow-up (56% versus 35%; p = 0.010). The ROC curve analysis showed that the BNP level of 1,400 pg/mL was the best predictor of events; high levels were associated with lower LVEF (0.23 versus 0.28; p = 0.002) and more severe degree of renal dysfunction (mean urea 92 versus 74.5 mg/dL; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: In advanced HF, high BNP levels identified patients at higher risk of a poorer outcome. Chagasic patients showed higher BNP levels than those with heart diseases of other causes, and have poorer prognosis.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Heart Failure/blood , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Failure/mortality , Prognosis , Stroke Volume/physiology , Urea/blood
12.
Clinics ; 67(9): 1063-1069, Sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649387

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Chagas' disease has spread throughout Latin America because of the high rate of migration among these countries. Approximately 30% of Chagas' patients will develop cardiomyopathy, and 10% of these will develop severe cardiac damage leading to heart failure. Beta-blockade improves symptoms and survival in heart failure patients; however, its efficacy has not been well established in Chagas' disease. We evaluated the role of carvedilol in cardiac remodeling and mortality in a Chagas' cardiomyopathy animal model. METHODS: We studied Trypanosoma cruzi infection in 55 Syrian hamsters that were divided into three groups: control (15), infected (20), and infected + carvedilol (20). Animals underwent echocardiography, electrocardiography, and morphometry for collagen evaluation in ventricles stained with picrosirius red. RESULTS: The left ventricular diastolic diameter did not change between groups, although it was slightly larger in infected groups, as was left ventricular systolic diameter. Fractional shortening also did not change between groups, although it was slightly lower in infected groups. Collagen accumulation in the interstitial myocardial space was significantly higher in infected groups and was not attenuated by carvedilol. The same response was observed in the perivascular space. The survival curve showed significantly better survival in the control group compared with the infected groups; but no benefit of carvedilol was observed during the study. However, in the acute phase (up to 100 days of infection), carvedilol did reduce mortality. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol did not attenuate cardiac remodeling or mortality in this model of Chagas' cardiomyopathy. The treatment did improve survival in the acute phase of the disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Female , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Carbazoles/therapeutic use , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy , Propanolamines/therapeutic use , Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Collagen/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Echocardiography , Heart Rate/drug effects , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Mesocricetus , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 97(6): 517-525, dez. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610397

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Pouco se sabe sobre o desfecho dos pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica, em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática na era contemporânea. OBJETIVO: Comparar o desfecho dos pacientes chagásicos com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica crônica decorrente da cardiopatia chagásica ao observado em pacientes com MDI na era contemporânea. MÉTODOS: Foi incluído um total de 352 pacientes (246 com cardiomiopatia chagásica e 106 com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática), seguidos prospectivamente em nossa Instituição, de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2008. Todos os pacientes receberam tratamento clínico contemporâneo padrão. RESULTADOS: Na análise multivariada com o modelo de risco proporcional de Cox, o uso da digoxina (relação de risco = 3,17; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,62 a 6,18; p = 0,001) necessitou de suporte inotrópico (relação de risco = 2,08; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,43 a 3,02; p < 0,005). A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (relação de risco = 0,97; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 0,95 a 0,99; p < 0,005) e a etiologia da cardiopatia chagásica (relação de risco = 3,29; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,89 a 5,73; p < 0,005) foram associadas positivamente à mortalidade, enquanto a terapia com betabloqueadores (relação de risco = 0,39; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 0,26 a 0,56; p < 0,005) foi associada negativamente à mortalidade. A probabilidade de sobrevida para pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica em oito, 24 e 49 meses foi de 83 por cento, 61 por cento e 41 por cento, respectivamente. Já para pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática, foi de 97 por cento, 92 por cento e 82 por cento, respectivamente (p < 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Na era atual do tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, os pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica têm um desfecho pior em comparação aos pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática.


BACKGROUND: Little is known about the outcome of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy in comparison to that of patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the contemporary era. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of chagasic patients with chronic systolic heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy with that observed in patients with IDC in the contemporary era. METHODS: A total of 352 patients (246 with Chagas cardiomyopathy, 106 with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy) prospectively followed at our Institution from January, 2000 to January, 2008 were included. All patients received standard contemporary medical therapy. RESULTS: In Cox proportional hazards model multivariate analysis, digoxin use (Hazard Ratio=3.17; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.62 to 6.18; p=0.001), need of inotropic support (Hazard Ratio=2.08; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.43 to 3.02; p<0.005), left ventricular ejection fraction (Hazard Ratio=0.97; 95 percent Confidence Interval 0.95 to 0.99; p<0.005), and Chagas cardiomyopathy etiology (Hazard Ratio=3.29; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.89 to 5.73; p<0.005) were positively associated with mortality, whereas Beta-Blocker therapy (Hazard Ratio=0.39; 95 percent Confidence Interval 0.26 to 0.56; p<0.005) was negatively associated with mortality. Survival probability for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy at 8, 24, and 49 months was 83 percent, 61 percent, and 41 percent, respectively, and for patients with Idiopathic Dilated cardiomyopathy 97 percent, 92 percent, and 82 percent, respectively (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: In the current era of heart failure therapy, patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy have a poorer outcome in comparison to patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Digoxin/adverse effects , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Epidemiologic Methods , Prognosis , Treatment Outcome
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(4): 518-523, out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-568966

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) que são internados apresentando má perfusão e congestão (perfil clínico-hemodinâmico C) constituem o grupo que evolui com pior prognóstico na IC descompensada. Entretanto, há pouca informação na literatura se a etiologia da cardiopatia influencia na evolução dos pacientes na fase avançada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução dos pacientes que se internaram com perfil clínico-hemodinâmico C e verificar o papel da etiologia nesta fase. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de coorte foi realizado incluindo pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 45,0 por cento, classe funcional IV e internação hospitalar apresentando perfil clínico-hemodinâmico C. O grupo foi dividido em pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia chagásica (Ch) e não chagásica (NCh). Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes t de Student, exato de Fisher, qui-quadrado e o programa SPSS. O significante de p < 0,05 foi considerado. RESULTADOS: Cem pacientes, com idade média de 57,6 ± 15,1 anos e FEVE média de 23,8 ± 8,5 por cento, foram incluídos. Dentre os pacientes estudados, 33,0 por cento eram chagásicos e, na comparação com os NCh, apresentaram menor pressão arterial sistólica (Ch 89,3 ± 17,1 mmHg versus NCh 98,8 ± 21,7 mmHg; p = 0,03) e menor idade média - Ch 52,9 ± 14,5 anos versus NCh 59,8 ± 14,9 anos; p = 0,03). Durante o acompanhamento de 25 meses, a mortalidade foi de 66,7 por cento nos Ch e de 37,3 por cento nos NCh (p = 0,019). A etiologia chagásica foi um marcador independente de mau prognóstico na análise multivariada com razão de risco de 2,75 (IC 95,0 por cento; 1,35 - 5,63). CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes com IC avançada, a etiologia chagásica é um importante preditor de pior prognóstico.


BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure (HF) who are admitted showing poor perfusion and congestion (clinical-hemodynamic profile C) are the group that evolves with the worst prognosis in decompensated heart failure. However, there is little information in literature on the etiology of cardiopathy influences the outcome of patients in advanced stage. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of patients admitted with clinical and hemodynamic profile C and verify the role of the etiology in this phase. METHODS: A cohort study was performed including patients with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45.0 percent, functional class IV and hospitalization presenting clinical-hemodynamic profile C. The group was divided into patients with chagasic (Ch) and non chagasic (NCh) cardiomyopathy. Statistical analysis used Student t test, Fisher exact test, chi-square and SPSS tests. The significance of p < 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: One hundred patients, with mean age 57.6 ± 15.1 years and mean LVEF of 23.8 ± 8.5 percent, were included. Among the patients studied, 33.0 percent were chagasic and, in comparison with NCh, had lower systolic blood pressure (Ch 89.3 ± 17.1 mmHg versus NCh 98.8 ± 21.7 mmHg, p = 0.03 ) and lowest average age - Ch 52.9 ± 14.5 years versus NCh 59.8 ± 14.9 years, p = 0.03). During follow-up of 25 months, mortality was 66.7 percent for Ch and 37.3 percent in NCh (p = 0.019). The Chagas disease etiology was an independent marker of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis with risk ratio of 2.75 (HF 95.0 percent, from 1.35 to 5.63). CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced HF, Chagas disease is an important predictor of the worst prognosis.


FUNDAMENTO: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) que son internados presentando mala perfusión y congestión (perfil clínico-hemodinámico C) constituyen el grupo que evoluciona con peor pronóstico en la IC descompensada. Mientras tanto, hay poca información en la literatura sobre si la etiología de la cardiopatía influencia en la evolución de los pacientes en la fase avanzada. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la evolución de los pacientes que se internaron con perfil clínico-hemodinámico C y verificar el papel de la etiología en esta fase. MÉTODOS: Un estudio de cohorte fue realizado incluyendo pacientes con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) < 45,0 por ciento, clase funcional IV e internación hospitalaria presentando perfil clínico-hemodinámico C. El grupo fue dividido en pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatía chagásica (Ch) y no chagásica (NCh). Para análisis estadístico fueron utilizados los test t de Student, exacto de Fisher, qui-cuadrado y el programa SPSS. El significante de p < 0,05 fue considerado. RESULTADOS: Cien pacientes, con edad media de 57,6 ± 15,1 años y FEVI media de 23,8 ± 8,5 por ciento, fueron incluidos. Entre los pacientes estudiados, 33,0 por ciento eran chagásicos y, en la comparación con los NCh, presentaron menor presión arterial sistólica (Ch 89,3 ± 17,1 mmHg versus NCh 98,8 ± 21,7 mmHg; p = 0,03) y menor edad media - Ch 52,9 ± 14,5 años versus NCh 59,8 ± 14,9 años; p = 0,03). Durante el control de 25 meses, la mortalidad fue de 66,7 por ciento en los Ch y de 37,3 por ciento en los NCh (p = 0,019). La etiología chagásica fue un marcador independiente de mal pronóstico en el análisis multivariado con razón de riesgo de 2,75 (IC 95,0 por ciento; 1,35 - 5,63). CONCLUSIÓN: En los pacientes con IC avanzada, la etiología chagásica es un importante predictor de peor pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Heart Failure/etiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Disease Progression , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Hemodynamics/physiology , Prognosis
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 159-166, July 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520876

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease is a pleomorphic clinical entity that has several unique features. The aim of this study is to summarise some of the recent contributions from our research group to knowledge of the morbidity and prognostic factors in Chagas heart disease. A retrospective study suggested that ischaemic stroke associated with left ventricular (LV) apical thrombi is the first clinical manifestation of Chagas disease observed in a large proportion of patients. LV function and left atrial volume (LAV) are independent risk factors for ischaemic cerebrovascular events during follow-up of Chagas heart disease patients. Pulmonary congestion in Chagas-related dilated cardiomyopathy is common but usually mild. Although early right ventricular (RV) involvement has been described, we have shown by Doppler echocardiography that RV dysfunction is evident almost exclusively when it is associated with left ventricle dilatation and functional impairment. In addition, RV dysfunction is a powerful predictor of survival in patients with heart failure secondary to Chagas disease. We have also demonstrated that LAV provides incremental prognostic information independent of clinical data and conventional echocardiographic parameters that predict survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Electrocardiography , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Prognosis , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 167-180, July 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520877

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this review is to describe research findings regarding chronic Chagas disease in Argentina that have changed the standards of care for patients with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Indirect techniques (serological tests) are still the main tools for the primary diagnosis of infection in the chronic phase, but polymerase chain reaction has been shown to be promising. The prognosis of patients with heart failure or advanced stages of chagasic cardiomyopathy is poor, but a timely diagnosis during the initial stages of the disease would allow for prescription of appropriate therapies to offer a better quality of life. Treatment of T. cruzi infection is beneficial as secondary prevention to successfully cure the infection or to delay, reduce or prevent the progression to disease and as primary disease prevention by breaking the chain of transmission. Current recommendations have placed the bulk of the diagnostic and treatment responsibility on the Primary Health Care System. Overall, the current research priorities with respect to Chagas disease should be targeted towards (i) the production of new drugs that would provide a shorter treatment course with fewer side effects; (ii) the development of new tools to confirm cure after a full course of treatment during the chronic phase and (iii) biomarkers to identify patients with a high risk of developing diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Argentina , Biomarkers/blood , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Disease/mortality , Disease Progression , Electrocardiography , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Serologic Tests/methods
18.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 19(1): 39-50, jan.-mar. 2009. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-518883

ABSTRACT

No coração, a doença de Chagas é caracterizada por pancardite aguda e crônica. com lesões progressivas da microcirculação cardíaca, do miocárdio e do sistema de condução, que levam ao surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca e dos mais variados tipos de bradi e taquiarritmias ou mais frequentemente, por taquiarritmias ventriculares, a morte súbita é a princiapl causa de óbito nessa afecção, seguida por insuficiência cardíaca refratária. Dessa forma, o portador da doença de Chagas, mesmo na forma indeterminada, deve ser avaliado para prevenção de morte súbita. Eletrocardiograma, Holter e teste ergométrico são exames fundamentais neste sentido. Após essa avaliação, se ainda existirem sintomas mal definidos e/ou risco clínico, o estudo eletrofisiológico invasivo é fundamental para orientação de definitiva desses pacientes. Além das indicações clássicas, a aneurismectomia ventricular deve ser indicada nos casos com arritmias ventriculares graves relacionadas à presença de aneurisma. As taquicardias ventriculares mornomóficas podem ser tratadas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Pacemaker, Artificial , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography , Death, Sudden, Cardiac
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(6): 389-394, dez. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-501796

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma doença de alta prevalência, com prognóstico dependente de diferentes fatores preditores. OBJETIVO: A doença de Chagas é um preditor de mau prognóstico em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) crônica. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar se ela também prediz pior evolução para pacientes agudamente descompensados. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 417 pacientes hospitalizados por IC descompensada. A idade média foi de 51,8 anos, sendo 291 (69,8 por cento) homens. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: 133 (31,9 por cento) chagásicos (CH) e 284 com outras etiologias. Num subgrupo de 63 pacientes (15,1 por cento com doença de Chagas), dosaram-se citocinas e noradrenalina. RESULTADOS: Na internação, 24,6 por cento necessitaram de inotrópicos, e em um ano a mortalidade foi de 54,7 por cento. Os CH apresentaram maior mortalidade (69,2 por cento vs. 47,9 por cento, p < 0,001). Na comparação de dados, os CH eram mais jovens (47,6 vs. 53,8 anos, p < 0,001) e apresentavam, em média, PA sistólica (96,7 vs. 111,2 mmHg, p < 0,001), fração de ejeção (32,7 vs. 36,4 por cento, p < 0,001), Na sérico (134,6 vs. 136,0, p = 0,026) mais baixos e TNF-alfa mais elevado (33,3 vs. 14,8, p = 0,001). A presença de hipotensão necessitando de inotrópicos, o diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), os dados de função renal, os níveis de interleucina-6 e os de noradrenalina não diferiram nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes chagásicos hospitalizados com IC descompensada tiveram pior prognóstico quando comparados com aqueles de outras etiologias. Esse fato pode dever-se ao maior comprometimento cardíaco (fração de ejeção mais baixa), maior instabilidade hemodinâmica (pressão sistólica e freqüência cardíaca mais baixas) e maior ativação do sistema renina angiotensina (sódio mais baixo) e das citocinas (TNF-alfa).


BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a highly prevalent disease, the prognosis of which depends on different predictive factors. OBJECTIVE: Chagas disease is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether this condition also predicts poor outcome in acutely decompensated patients. METHODS: Four hundred and seventeen patients admitted for decompensated heart failure were studied. Mean age was 51.8 years, and 291 (69.8 percent) were male. They were divided into two groups: 133 (31.9 percent) patients with Chagas heart disease (CH) and 284 patients with heart failure of other etiologies. Cytokine and norepinephrine plasma levels were measured in a subgroup of 63 patients (15.1 percent with Chagas disease). RESULTS: At admission, 24.6 percent of the patients needed inotropic support, and one-year mortality was 54.7 percent. Mortality rates were higher in the CH group (69.2 percent vs. 47.9 percent, p < 0.001). When data were compared, patients with Chagas disease were younger (47.6 vs. 53.8 years, p < 0.001) and, on average, showed lower systolic blood pressure (96.7 vs. 111.2 mmHg, p < 0,001), ejection fraction (32.7 vs. 36.4 percent, p < 0.001), and serum Na (134.6 vs. 136.0, p = 0.026), in addition to higher TNF-α levels (33.3 vs. 14.8, p = 0.001). The presence of hypotension requiring inotropic support, left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter, renal function findings, and interleukin-6 and norepinephrine plasma levels did not differ between both groups. CONCLUSION: Chagas disease patients admitted with decompensated heart failure had worse prognoses than patients with heart failure of other etiologies. This may be owing to a greater degree of cardiac impairment (lower ejection fraction) and hemodynamic instability (lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate), increased activation of the renin-angiotensin system (lower sodium), and increased cytokine levels (TNF-α).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Heart Failure/mortality , Blood Pressure/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/etiology , Prognosis , Sodium/blood , Stroke Volume/physiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Young Adult
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